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After more than a century of rule by France, Algerians fought through much of the 1950s to achieve independence in 1962. Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has since largely dominated politics. The Government of Algeria in 1988 instituted a multi-party system in response to public unrest, but the surprising first round success of the Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) in the December 1991 balloting led the Algerian army to intervene and postpone the second round of elections to prevent what the secular elite feared would be an extremist-led government from assuming power. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths - many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FIS's armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000.

Location

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

Natural Resources

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc

Population - distribution

the vast majority of the populace is found in the extreme northern part of the country along the Mediterranean Coast

34586184
Arabic (official), French (lingua franca), Berber or Tamazight (official); dialects include Kabyle Berber (Taqbaylit), Shawiya Berber (Tacawit), Mzab Berber, Tuareg Berber (Tamahaq)
ALGIERS (capital) 2.594 million; Oran 858,000 (2015)
Conventional long form
People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
Conventional short form
Algeria
Local long form
Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah
Local short form
Al Jaza'ir
presidential republic
Name
Algiers
Geographic coordinates
36 45 N, 3 03 E
Time difference
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy.
Inflation
4.785%
External debt stocks
US$ 4,676,992,000
Total tax rate (% of commercial profits)
65.6%
Real Interest Rate
8.784%
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP)
5.618%
Current Account Balance
US$ -27,229,373,551
Labor Force, Total
12,631,062
Employment in Agriculture
8.78%
Employment in Industry
30.43%
Employment in Services
25.51%
Unemployment Rate
11.22%
Imports of goods and services
US$ 53,710,190,167
Exports of goods and services
US$ 37,010,410,617
Total Merchandise Trade
48.44%
FDI, net inflows
US$ -403,397,081
Commercial Service Exports
US$ 3,393,396,454
wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep, cattle
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Commodities
petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% (2009 est.)
Partners
Spain 17.4%, Italy 13.7%, France 12.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.4%, Netherlands 6%, Turkey 5.2%, Brazil 4.5% (2015)
Commodities
capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods
Partners
China 15%, France 10.3%, Italy 8.8%, Spain 7.2%, Germany 6.2%, US 4.9% (2015)
Country Risk Rating
C
A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is high.
Business Climate Rating
B
The business environment is mediocre. The availability and the reliability of corporate financial information vary widely. Debt collection can sometimes be difficult. The institutional framework has a few troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run appreciable risks in the unstable, largely inefficient environments rated B.
  • Significant reserves of oil and gas
  • Potential in the fields of renewable energy and tourism
  • Strong external financial situation (very low level of external indebtedness, significant foreign exchange reserves)
  • High dependency on hydrocarbons and problems with the utilization of this income
  • Fracture lines between the government and the population
  • High unemployment rates among the young
  • Excessive weight of the public sector
  • Heavyweight bureaucracy, weaknesses in the financial sector, and problematic business environment

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