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Colombia was one of the three countries that emerged after the dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Ecuador and Venezuela). A decades-long conflict between government forces and antigovernment insurgent groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily funded by the drug trade, escalated during the 1990s. More than 31,000 former paramilitaries demobilized by the end of 2006 and the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia as a formal organization ceased to operate. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, organized criminal groups arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. After four years of formal peace negotiations, the Colombian Government signed a revised final peace accord with the FARC in November 2016, which was subsequently ratified by the Colombian Congress. The accord calls for members of the FARC to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics, and it creates an alternative system for transitional justice that includes a “Special Jurisdiction for Peace” to address accountability for conflict-related crimes and established truth-telling mechanisms. The Colombian Government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its administrative departments. Despite decades of internal conflict and drug related security challenges, Colombia maintains relatively strong democratic institutions characterized by peaceful, transparent elections and the protection of civil liberties.

Localização

Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama

Recursos Naturais

petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower

Distribuição da População

the majority of people live in the north and west where agricultural opportunities and natural resources are found; the vast grasslands of the llanos to the south and east, which make up approximately 60% of the country, are sparsely populated

47790000
Spanish (official)
BOGOTA (capital) 9.765 million; Medellin 3.911 million; Cali 2.646 million; Barranquilla 1.991 million; Bucaramanga 1.215 million; Cartagena 1.092 million (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Republic of Colombia
Abreviatura
Colombia
Forma longa local
Republica de Colombia
Forma curto local
Colombia
presidential republic
Nome
Bogota
Coordenadas Geográficas
4 36 N, 74 05 W
Fuso horário
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Colombia’s economy benefits from free trade and sound fiscal policies but it has slowed in 2016 because of falling global oil prices, a strong dollar, and moderate inflation. Colombia heavily depends on energy and mining exports, making it vulnerable to a drop in commodity prices. Colombia is the world's fourth largest coal exporter, the world’s second largest coffee and cut flowers exporter, and Latin America’s fourth largest oil producer. Economic development is hampered by inadequate infrastructure, poverty, narcotrafficking, and an uncertain security situation.
Inflação
7,517%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 111.049.740.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
69,8%
Taxa de juro real
8,307%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
12,577%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -12.541.083.843
Força de trabalho, total
25.402.280
Emprego na Agricultura
15,81%
Emprego na Industria
19,61%
Emprego nos Serviços
64,56%
Taxa de Desemprego
9,87%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 58.310.708.444
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 39.657.882.657
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
26,88%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 13.592.646.939
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 7.700.532.291
coffee, cut flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, cocoa beans, oilseed, vegetables; shrimp; forest products
textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds
Mercadorias
petroleum, coal, emeralds, coffee, nickel, cut flowers, bananas, apparel
Parceiros
US 27.5%, Panama 7.2%, China 5.2%, Spain 4.4%, Ecuador 4% (2015)
Mercadorias
industrial equipment, transportation equipment, consumer goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity
Parceiros
US 28.8%, China 18.6%, Mexico 7.1%, Germany 4.2% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
A4
A somewhat shaky political and economic outlook and a relatively volatile business environment can affect corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is still acceptable on average.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
A4
The business environment is acceptable. Corporate financial information is sometimes neither readily available nor sufficiently reliable. Debt collection is not always efficient and the institutional framework has shortcomings. Intercompany transactions may thus run into appreciable difficulties in the acceptable but occasionally unstable environments rated A4.
  • Two coastlines
  • Large population (almost 50 million)
  • Abundant natural resources (agriculture, minerals)
  • Considerable tourism potential
  • Cautious economic policy
  • Institutional stability
  • Sound banking system
  • Sensitivity to commodity prices and U.S. economic cycle
  • Road and port infrastructure shortcomings
  • Problematic security situation linked to drug trafficking
  • Educational and healthcare shortcomings
  • Large informal sector (60% of jobs)
  • Lack of skilled labor and low productivity
  • Legislative, judicial, and administrative delays
  • Structural unemployment, poverty, and inequalities

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