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Established as an official Belgian colony in 1908, the then-Republic of the Congo gained its independence in 1960, but its early years were marred by political and social instability. Col. Joseph MOBUTU seized power and declared himself president in a November 1965 coup. He subsequently changed his name - to MOBUTU Sese Seko - as well as that of the country - to Zaire. MOBUTU retained his position for 32 years through several sham elections, as well as through brutal force. Ethnic strife and civil war, touched off by a massive inflow of refugees in 1994 from fighting in Rwanda and Burundi, led in May 1997 to the toppling of the MOBUTU regime by a rebellion backed by Rwanda and Uganda and fronted by Laurent KABILA. KABILA renamed the country the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), but in August 1998 his regime was itself challenged by a second insurrection again backed by Rwanda and Uganda. Troops from Angola, Chad, Namibia, Sudan, and Zimbabwe intervened to support KABILA's regime. In January 2001, KABILA was assassinated and his son, Joseph KABILA, was named head of state. In October 2002, the new president was successful in negotiating the withdrawal of Rwandan forces occupying the eastern DRC; two months later, the Pretoria Accord was signed by all remaining warring parties to end the fighting and establish a government of national unity. A transitional government was set up in July 2003; it held a successful constitutional referendum in December 2005 and elections for the presidency, National Assembly, and provincial legislatures took place in 2006.

Localização

Central Africa, northeast of Angola

Recursos Naturais

cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver, zinc, manganese, tin, uranium, coal, hydropower, timber

Distribuição da População

urban clusters are spread throughout the country, particularly in the northeast along the boarder with Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi; the largest city is the capital, Kinshasha, located in the west along the Congo River; the south is least densely populated

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French (official), Lingala (a lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
KINSHASA (capital) 11.587 million; Lubumbashi 2.015 million; Mbuji-Mayi 2.007 million; Kananga 1.169 million; Kisangani 1.04 million; Bukavu 832,000 (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Abreviatura
DRC
Forma longa local
Republique Democratique du Congo
Forma curto local
RDC
semi-presidential republic
Nome
Kinshasa
Coordenadas Geográficas
4 19 S, 15 18 E
Fuso horário
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - a nation endowed with vast natural resource wealth - continues to struggle. Systemic corruption since independence in 1960, combined with countrywide instability and conflict that began in the early-90s, has dramatically reduced national output and government revenue and increased external debt. With the installation of a transitional government in 2003 after peace accords, economic conditions slowly began to improve as the transitional government reopened relations with international financial institutions and international donors, and President KABILA began implementing reforms.
Inflação
1,633%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 5.435.280.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
54,6%
Taxa de juro real
15,061%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
17,536%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -1.545.622.689
Força de trabalho, total
30.046.557
Emprego na Agricultura
35,40%
Emprego na Industria
20,60%
Emprego nos Serviços
42,20%
Taxa de Desemprego
3,64%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 10.242.835.699
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 8.862.805.000
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
33,16%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 1.673.500.100
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 113.339.246
coffee, sugar, palm oil, rubber, tea, cotton, cocoa, quinine, cassava (manioc, tapioca), bananas, plantains, peanuts, root crops, corn, fruits; wood products
mining (copper, cobalt, gold, diamonds, coltan, zinc, tin, tungsten), mineral processing, consumer products (textiles, plastics, footwear, cigarettes), metal products, processed foods and beverages, timber, cement, commercial ship repair
Mercadorias
diamonds, copper, gold, cobalt, wood products, crude oil, coffee
Parceiros
China 48%, Zambia 17.2%, South Korea 5.4%, Belgium 5.2% (2015)
Mercadorias
foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels
Parceiros
China 22.2%, South Africa 16.1%, Zambia 8.3%, Belgium 7.5%, Zimbabwe 5.6%, India 5.1%, France 4.3% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
D
A high-risk political and economic situation and an often very difficult business environment can have a very significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is very high.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
E
The highest possible risk in terms of business climate. Due to a lack of available financial information and an unpredictable legal system, doing business in this country is extremely difficult.
  • Abundant mineral resources (copper, cobalt, diamonds, gold, tin)
  • Considerable hydroelectric potential
  • International effort to solve conflicts in the Great Lakes region
  • Debt relief as part of the HIPC and MDR initiatives
  • Sporadic tensions in the east of the country with repeated rebellions
  • Political crisis following the Supreme Court decision to postpone presidential elections
  • Weak infrastructure (transport, energy, telecommunications) and failures of governance
  • High poverty levels
  • Lack of foreign exchange reserves (approximately 1 month of imports)

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