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The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilizations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 B.C., and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty fell to the Persians in 341 B.C., who in turn were replaced by the Greeks, Romans, and Byzantines. It was the Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the 7th century and who ruled for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. Completion of the Suez Canal in 1869 elevated Egypt as an important world transportation hub. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty from Britain in 1952. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to meet the demands of Egypt's population through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure.

Localização

Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula

Recursos Naturais

petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, rare earth elements, zinc

Distribuição da População

approximately 95% of the population lives within 20 km of the Nile River and its delta; vast areas of the country remain sparsely populated or uninhabited

80471869
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes
CAIRO (capital) 18.772 million; Alexandria 4.778 million (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Arab Republic of Egypt
Abreviatura
Egypt
Forma longa local
Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah
Forma curto local
Misr
presidential republic
Nome
Cairo
Coordenadas Geográficas
30 03 N, 31 15 E
Fuso horário
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Occupying the northeast corner of the African continent, Egypt is bisected by the highly fertile Nile valley, where most economic activity takes place. Egypt's economy was highly centralized during the rule of former President Gamal Abdel NASSER but opened up considerably under former Presidents Anwar EL-SADAT and Mohamed Hosni MUBARAK.
Inflação
13,815%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 46.584.669.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
43,5%
Taxa de juro real
6,915%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
17,069%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -16.786.500.000
Força de trabalho, total
31.569.880
Emprego na Agricultura
25,84%
Emprego na Industria
25,09%
Emprego nos Serviços
49,07%
Taxa de Desemprego
12,01%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 65.923.286.106
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 34.818.024.909
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
24,16%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 6.884.800.000
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 18.092.400.000
cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats
textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals, light manufactures
Mercadorias
crude oil and petroleum products, fruits and vegetables, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals, processed food
Parceiros
Saudi Arabia 9.1%, Italy 7.5%, Turkey 5.8%, UAE 5.1%, US 5.1%, UK 4.4%, India 4.1% (2015)
Mercadorias
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels
Parceiros
China 13%, Germany 7.7%, US 5.9%, Turkey 4.5%, Russia 4.4%, Italy 4.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.1% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
C
A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is high.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
C
The business environment is difficult. Corporate financial information is often unavailable and when available often unreliable. Debt collection is unpredictable. The institutional framework has many troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run major risks in the difficult environments rated C.
  • Tourism potential
  • Manageable external debt
  • Political and financial support from the Gulf monarchies and western countries
  • Poverty (40% of the population) and high unemployment
  • Twin deficits
  • Low level of foreign exchange reserves
  • Banking system subject to sovereign risk

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