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Known as Persia until 1935, Iran became an Islamic republic in 1979 after the ruling monarchy was overthrown and Shah Mohammad Reza PAHLAVI was forced into exile. Conservative clerical forces led by Ayatollah Ruhollah KHOMEINI established a theocratic system of government with ultimate political authority vested in a learned religious scholar referred to commonly as the Supreme Leader who, according to the constitution, is accountable only to the Assembly of Experts (AOE) - a popularly elected 86-member body of clerics. US-Iranian relations became strained when a group of Iranian students seized the US Embassy in Tehran in November 1979 and held embassy personnel hostages until mid-January 1981. The US cut off diplomatic relations with Iran in April 1980. During the period 1980-88, Iran fought a bloody, indecisive war with Iraq that eventually expanded into the Persian Gulf and led to clashes between US Navy and Iranian military forces. Iran has been designated a state sponsor of terrorism for its activities in Lebanon and elsewhere in the world and remains subject to US, UN, and EU economic sanctions and export controls because of its continued involvement in terrorism and concerns over possible military dimensions of its nuclear program. Following the election of reformer Hojjat ol-Eslam Mohammad KHATAMI as president in 1997 and a reformist Majles (legislature) in 2000, a campaign to foster political reform in response to popular dissatisfaction was initiated. The movement floundered as conservative politicians, supported by the Supreme Leader, unelected institutions of authority like the Council of Guardians, and the security services reversed and blocked reform measures while increasing security repression.

Localização

Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan

Recursos Naturais

petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, iron ore, lead, manganese, zinc, sulfur

Distribuição da População

population is concentrated in the north, northwest, and west, reflecting the position of the Zagros and Elburz Mountains; the vast dry areas in the center and eastern parts of the country, around the deserts of the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut, have a much lower population density

76923300
Persian (official), Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects, Kurdish, Gilaki and Mazandarani, Luri, Balochi, Arabic, other
TEHRAN (capital) 8.432 million; Mashhad 3.014 million; Esfahan 1.88 million; Karaj 1.807 million; Shiraz 1.661 million; Tabriz 1.572 million (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Islamic Republic of Iran
Abreviatura
Iran
Forma longa local
Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran
Forma curto local
Iran
theocratic republic
Nome
Tehran
Coordenadas Geográficas
35 42 N, 51 25 E
Fuso horário
UTC+3.5 (8.5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Horário de verão
+1hr, begins fourth Wednesday in March; ends fourth Friday in September
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Iran's economy is marked by statist policies, inefficiencies, and reliance on oil and gas exports, but Iran also possesses significant agricultural, industrial, and service sectors. The Iranian government directly owns and operates hundreds of state-owned enterprises and indirectly controls many companies affiliated with the country's security forces. Distortions - including inflation, price controls, subsidies, and a banking system holding billions of dollars of non-performing loans - weigh down the economy, undermining the potential for private-sector-led growth.
Inflação
8,57%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 6.321.579.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
44,1%
Taxa de juro real
8,747%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
12,691%
Saldo Corrente
US$ 12.481.000.000
Força de trabalho, total
27.383.389
Emprego na Agricultura
18,03%
Emprego na Industria
32,53%
Emprego nos Serviços
49,43%
Taxa de Desemprego
11,27%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 75.830.537.964
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 77.677.599.160
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
26,66%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 2.050.000.000
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 1.357.000.000
wheat, rice, other grains, sugar beets, sugarcane, fruits, nuts, cotton; dairy products, wool; caviar
petroleum, petrochemicals, gas, fertilizer, caustic soda, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), ferrous and nonferrous metal fabrication, armaments
Mercadorias
petroleum 80%, chemical and petrochemical products, fruits and nuts, carpets, cement, ore
Parceiros
China 22.4%, India 8.7%, Turkey 8.5%, Japan 4.5% (2015)
Mercadorias
industrial supplies, capital goods, foodstuffs and other consumer goods, technical services
Parceiros
UAE 39.5%, China 22.3%, South Korea 4.7%, Turkey 4.6% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
E
The highest-risk political and economic situation and the most difficult business environment. Corporate default is likely.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
C
The business environment is difficult. Corporate financial information is often unavailable and when available often unreliable. Debt collection is unpredictable. The institutional framework has many troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run major risks in the difficult environments rated C.
  • Substantial reserves of gas and oil (second and fourth in the world respectively)
  • Very low external debt
  • Strategic position in the sub-region
  • High inflation
  • Social tensions
  • Unfavorable business climate

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