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The island - discovered by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled by the Spanish early in the 16th century. The native Taino, who had inhabited Jamaica for centuries, were gradually exterminated and replaced by African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 and established a plantation economy based on sugar, cocoa, and coffee. The abolition of slavery in 1834 freed a quarter million slaves, many of whom became small farmers. Jamaica gradually increased its independence from Britain. In 1958 it joined other British Caribbean colonies in forming the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica gained full independence when it withdrew from the Federation in 1962. Deteriorating economic conditions during the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival gangs affiliated with the major political parties evolved into powerful organized crime networks involved in international drug smuggling and money laundering. Violent crime, drug trafficking, and poverty pose significant challenges to the government today. Nonetheless, many rural and resort areas remain relatively safe and contribute substantially to the economy.

Localização

Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba

Recursos Naturais

bauxite, gypsum, limestone

Distribuição da População

population density is high throughout, but increases in and around Kingston, Montego Bay, and Port Esquivel

2847232
English, English patois
KINGSTON (capital) 588,000 (2015)
Designação longa convencional
none
Abreviatura
Jamaica
Forma longa local
Forma curto local
parliamentary democracy (Parliament) under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm
Nome
Kingston
Coordenadas Geográficas
18 00 N, 76 48 W
Fuso horário
UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
The Jamaican economy is heavily dependent on services, which accounts for more than 70% of GDP. The country continues to derive most of its foreign exchange from tourism, remittances, and bauxite/alumina. Earnings from remittances and tourism each account for about 15% of GDP, while bauxite/alumina exports have declined to less than 5% of GDP.
Inflação
2,349%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 14.121.507.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
34,3%
Taxa de juro real
12,199%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
9,54%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -103.005.162
Força de trabalho, total
1.444.282
Emprego na Agricultura
17,74%
Emprego na Industria
14,93%
Emprego nos Serviços
67,05%
Taxa de Desemprego
13,26%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 6.628.280.668
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 4.366.792.026
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
41,78%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 790.449.854
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 3.186.611.286
sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; shellfish
tourism, bauxite/alumina, agricultural-processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications
Mercadorias
alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, apparel, mineral fuels
Parceiros
US 24.3%, Canada 16.4%, Russia 9.3%, Netherlands 8.8%, Iceland 7.1%, UK 6.5% (2015)
Mercadorias
food and other consumer goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts and accessories of capital goods, machinery and transport equipment, construction materials
Parceiros
US 34.9%, China 12.9%, Trinidad and Tobago 11.9%, Venezuela 6.1% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
B
Political and economic uncertainties and an occasionally difficult business environment can affect corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is appreciable.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
B
The business environment is mediocre. The availability and the reliability of corporate financial information vary widely. Debt collection can sometimes be difficult. The institutional framework has a few troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run appreciable risks in the unstable, largely inefficient environments rated B.
  • Natural resources (bauxite, sugar, bananas, coffee) and tourism
  • Financial support from multilateral bodies
  • Substantial remittances from the diaspora
  • Stable democratic framework
  • Poorly diversified economy
  • Vulnerability to external shocks (climate, U.S. economy, commodities)
  • Very high public debt and debt interest payments, which significantly inhibits growth
  • High crime rate and poverty levels

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