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Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, through alliances and conquest, Lithuania extended its territory to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through the person of a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when its remnants were partitioned by surrounding countries. Lithuania regained its independence following World War I but was annexed by the USSR in 1940 - an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. On 11 March 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until September of 1991 (following the abortive coup in Moscow). The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into Western European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004. In January 2014, Lithuania assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2014-15 term; in January 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone.

Localização

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

Recursos Naturais

peat, arable land, amber

Distribuição da População

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, and the western port of Klaipeda

2944459
Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other 0.9%, unspecified 3.5% (2011 est.)
VILNIUS (capital) 517,000 (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Republic of Lithuania
Abreviatura
Lithuania
Forma longa local
Lietuvos Respublika
Forma curto local
Lietuva
semi-presidential republic
Nome
Vilnius
Coordenadas Geográficas
54 41 N, 25 19 E
Fuso horário
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Horário de verão
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
After the country declared independence from the Soviet Union in 1990, Lithuania faced an initial dislocation that is typical during transitions from a planned economy to a free-market economy. Macroeconomic stabilization policies, including privatization of most state-owned enterprises, and a strong commitment to a currency board arrangement led to an open and rapidly growing economy and rising consumer demand. Foreign investment and EU funding aided in the transition. Lithuania joined the WTO in May 2001, the EU in May 2004, and the euro zone in January 2015, and is now working to complete the OECD accession roadmap it received in July 2015.
Inflação
0,906%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 29.988.119.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
42,7%
Taxa de juro real
3,527%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
18,966%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -398.015.961
Força de trabalho, total
1.453.453
Emprego na Agricultura
9,07%
Emprego na Industria
25,07%
Emprego nos Serviços
65,86%
Taxa de Desemprego
9,19%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 31.411.920.977
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 31.774.351.584
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
122,00%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 377.310.445
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 7.474.516.732
grain, potatoes, sugar beets, flax, vegetables; beef, milk, eggs, pork, cheese; fish
metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology
Mercadorias
refined fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, foodstuffs, plastics
Parceiros
Russia 13.7%, Latvia 9.8%, Poland 9.7%, Germany 7.8%, Estonia 5.3%, Belarus 4.6%, UK 4.5%, US 4.4%, Netherlands 4% (2015)
Mercadorias
oil, natural gas, machinery and equipment, transport equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, metals
Parceiros
Russia 16.9%, Germany 11.5%, Poland 10.3%, Latvia 7.6%, Netherlands 5.1%, Italy 4.5% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
A3
Changes in generally good but somewhat volatile political and economic environment can affect corporate payment behavior. A basically secure business environment can nonetheless give rise to occasional difficulties for companies. Corporate default probability is quite acceptable on average.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
A3
The business environment is relatively good. Although not always available, corporate financial information is usually reliable. Debt collection and the institutional framework may have some shortcomings. Intercompany transactions may run into occasional difficulties in the otherwise secure environments rated A3.
  • Eurozone membership (since January 2015)
  • Upcoming membership of OECD
  • Solid public and external accounts
  • Banking system controlled by Scandinavian institutions
  • Transit point between the European Union and Russia
  • Diverse energy supply
  • Shrinking active population (emigration of young skilled people)
  • High level of structural unemployment
  • Extreme disparity between the capital and the regions, especially in the north-east
  • Limited added value of exports
  • Lack of productivity and competitiveness
  • Large underground economy (26% of GDP)

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