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Macedonia gained its independence peacefully from Yugoslavia in 1991. Greek objection to Macedonia’s name, insisting it implies territorial pretensions to the northern Greek province of the same name, and democratic backsliding have stalled the country’s movement toward Euro-Atlantic integration. Immediately after Macedonia declared independence, Greece sought to block Macedonian efforts to gain UN membership if the name “Macedonia” was used. Macedonia was eventually admitted to the UN in 1993 as “The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,” and at the same time it agreed to UN-sponsored negotiations on the name dispute. In 1995, Greece lifted a 20-month trade embargo and the two countries agreed to normalize relations, but the issue of the name remained unresolved and negotiations for a solution are ongoing. Since 2004, the US and over 130 other nations have recognized Macedonia by its constitutional name, Republic of Macedonia. Ethnic Albanian grievances over perceived political and economic inequities escalated into an insurgency in 2001 that eventually led to the internationally brokered Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA), which ended the fighting and established guidelines for constitutional amendments and the creation of new laws that enhanced the rights of minorities. Relations between Macedonians and ethnic Albanians remain fragile, however.

Localização

Southeastern Europe, north of Greece

Recursos Naturais

low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum, timber, arable land

Distribuição da População

a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations

2062294
Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Romani 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 est.)
SKOPJE (capital) 503,000 (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Republic of Macedonia
Abreviatura
Macedonia
Forma longa local
Republika Makedonija
Forma curto local
Makedonija
parliamentary republic
Nome
Skopje
Coordenadas Geográficas
42 00 N, 21 26 E
Fuso horário
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Horário de verão
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Since its independence in 1991, Macedonia has made progress in liberalizing its economy and improving its business environment. Its low tax rates and free economic zones have helped to attract foreign investment, which is still low relative to the rest of Europe. Corruption and weak rule of law remain significant problems. Some businesses complain of opaque regulations and unequal enforcement of the law.
Inflação
-0,237%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 6.942.079.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
13,0%
Taxa de juro real
0,334%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
15,319%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -341.165.352
Força de trabalho, total
966.611
Emprego na Agricultura
17,87%
Emprego na Industria
30,50%
Emprego nos Serviços
51,64%
Taxa de Desemprego
26,73%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 6.953.629.769
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 5.367.444.081
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
107,47%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 573.060.169
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 1.594.168.718
grapes, tobacco, vegetables, fruits; milk, eggs
food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts
Mercadorias
foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco; textiles, miscellaneous manufactures, iron, steel; automotive parts
Parceiros
Germany 33.2%, Kosovo 11.5%, Bulgaria 5.1%, Greece 4.5% (2015)
Mercadorias
machinery and equipment, automobiles, chemicals, fuels, food products
Parceiros
Germany 15.9%, UK 13.6%, Greece 10.9%, Serbia 8.7%, Bulgaria 6.7%, Turkey 5.5%, Italy 4.7% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
C
A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is high.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
B
The business environment is mediocre. The availability and the reliability of corporate financial information vary widely. Debt collection can sometimes be difficult. The institutional framework has a few troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run appreciable risks in the unstable, largely inefficient environments rated B.
  • Integrated into the German production chain
  • Proximity to Central European factories
  • Wage competitiveness
  • Support from international donors
  • High levels of expatriate workers' remittances (19% of GDP)
  • Peg of the denar to the euro
  • High level of structural unemployment and training shortfalls
  • Large informal economy
  • Inadequate transport infrastructures
  • Significant indebtedness of private sector (93% of GDP at end of 2014)
  • Conflicting political landscape
  • Tensions between the Slavic majority and the Albanian minority
  • Negotiations to join the EU and NATO linked to dispute with Greece over the name of the country

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