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The use of the name Crna Gora or Black Mountain (Montenegro) began in the 13th century in reference to a highland region in the Serbian province of Zeta. The later medieval state of Zeta maintained its existence until 1496 when Montenegro finally fell under Ottoman rule. Over subsequent centuries, Montenegro managed to maintain a level of autonomy within the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro was a theocracy ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it transformed into a secular principality. Montenegro was recognized as an independent sovereign principality at the Congress of Berlin in 1878. After World War I, during which Montenegro fought on the side of the Allies, Montenegro was absorbed by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which became the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929; at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, creating the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, shifting to a looser State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In May 2006, Montenegro invoked its right under the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro to hold a referendum on independence from the state union. The vote for severing ties with Serbia barely exceeded 55% - the threshold set by the EU - allowing Montenegro to formally restore its independence on 3 June 2006.

Localização

Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia

Recursos Naturais

bauxite, hydroelectricity

Distribuição da População

highest population density is concentrated in the south, southwest; the extreme eastern border is the least populated area

666730
Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.)
PODGORICA (capital) 165,000 (2014)
Designação longa convencional
none
Abreviatura
Montenegro
Forma longa local
none
Forma curto local
Crna Gora
parliamentary republic
Nome
Podgorica
Coordenadas Geográficas
42 26 N, 19 16 E
Fuso horário
UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Horário de verão
+1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Montenegro's economy is transitioning to a market system. As of 2015, around 90% of Montenegrin state-owned companies have been privatized, including 100% of banking, telecommunications, and oil distribution. Tourism, which accounts for roughly 20% of Montenegro’s GDP, brings in three times as many visitors as Montenegro’s total population every year. Several new luxury tourism complexes are in various stages of development along the coast, and a number are being offered in connection with nearby boating and yachting facilities. In addition to tourism, energy and agriculture are considered two distinct pillars of the economy. Only 20% of Montenegro’s hydropower potential is utilized. Montenegro plans to become a net energy exporter, and the construction of an underwater cable to Italy, which will be completed by 2018, will help meet its goal.
Inflação
1,204%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 2.665.359.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
22,2%
Taxa de juro real
6,333%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
6,0%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -784.194.332
Força de trabalho, total
248.321
Emprego na Agricultura
7,71%
Emprego na Industria
17,46%
Emprego nos Serviços
74,15%
Taxa de Desemprego
17,49%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 2.740.370.575
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 1.762.551.991
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
63,34%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 226.666.592
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 1.395.978.593
tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheep
steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
Mercadorias
Parceiros
Croatia 22.7%, Serbia 22.7%, Slovenia 7.8% (2012 est.)
Mercadorias
Parceiros
Serbia 29.3%, Greece 8.7%, China 7.1% (2012 est.)
Índice de Risco do País
C
A very uncertain political and economic outlook and a business environment with many troublesome weaknesses can have a significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is high.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
B
The business environment is mediocre. The availability and the reliability of corporate financial information vary widely. Debt collection can sometimes be difficult. The institutional framework has a few troublesome weaknesses. Intercompany transactions run appreciable risks in the unstable, largely inefficient environments rated B.
  • Tourism potential (sea, mountains, climate)
  • Hydroelectric potential
  • Use of the euro
  • Negotiations for membership in the European Union
  • Small market
  • Lack of diversification
  • Inadequate infrastructure
  • Scale of structural unemployment and shortage of qualified workers
  • Size of the ethnic vote and political impasse
  • Mediocre business climate
  • Large black-market economy (39%)
  • Organized crime

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