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Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under his leadership, the country adopted radical social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democrat Party and the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by periods of instability and military coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case eventually resulted in a return of formal political power to civilians. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. A coup attempt was made in July 2016 by a faction of the Turkish Armed Forces.

Localização

Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria

Recursos Naturais

coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower

Distribuição da População

the most densely populated area is found around the Bosporus in the northwest where 20% of the population lives in Istanbul; with the exception of Ankara, urban centers remain small and scattered throughout the interior of Anatolia; an overall pattern of peripheral development exists, particularly along the Aegean Sea coast in the west, and the Tigris and Euphrates River systems in the southeast

77804122
Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
Istanbul 14.164 million; ANKARA (capital) 4.75 million; Izmir 3.04 million; Bursa 1.923 million; Adana 1.83 million; Gaziantep 1.528 million (2015)
Designação longa convencional
Republic of Turkey
Abreviatura
Turkey
Forma longa local
Turkiye Cumhuriyeti
Forma curto local
Turkiye
parliamentary republic
Nome
Ankara
Coordenadas Geográficas
39 56 N, 32 52 E
Fuso horário
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Turkey's largely free-market economy is driven by its industry and, increasingly, service sectors, although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25% of employment. The automotive, petrochemical, and electronics industries have risen in importance and surpassed the traditional textiles and clothing sectors within Turkey's export mix. However, the recent period of political stability and economic dynamism has given way to domestic uncertainty and security concerns, which are generating financial market volatility and weighing on Turkey’s economic outlook.
Inflação
7,775%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 397.923.067.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
41,1%
Taxa de juro real
None%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
18,929%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -32.626.000.000
Força de trabalho, total
29.857.443
Emprego na Agricultura
20,41%
Emprego na Industria
27,23%
Emprego nos Serviços
52,37%
Taxa de Desemprego
10,33%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 214.632.311.090
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 189.206.674.425
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
39,78%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 12.303.000.000
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 37.018.000.000
tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulses, citrus; livestock
textiles, food processing, automobiles, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper
Mercadorias
apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Parceiros
Germany 9.3%, UK 7.3%, Iraq 5.9%, Italy 4.8%, US 4.5%, France 4.1% (2015)
Mercadorias
machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment
Parceiros
China 12%, Germany 10.3%, Russia 9.8%, US 5.4%, Italy 5.1% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
B
Political and economic uncertainties and an occasionally difficult business environment can affect corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is appreciable.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
A4
The business environment is acceptable. Corporate financial information is sometimes neither readily available nor sufficiently reliable. Debt collection is not always efficient and the institutional framework has shortcomings. Intercompany transactions may thus run into appreciable difficulties in the acceptable but occasionally unstable environments rated A4.
  • Healthy public finances
  • Demographic vitality
  • A market with 75 million inhabitants and a growing middle class
  • A pivotal regional position, especially for gas (TANAP, Turkstream)
  • Customs union with the EU
  • A cleaned up and resilient banking sector
  • Large industrial groups
  • A substantial current account deficit and lacking domestic savings
  • Dependence on foreign capital, especially portfolio capital
  • R&D spending representing only 1% of GDP
  • Company debt in foreign currencies (net open position = 30% of GDP
  • The large informal economy (28%) and low female participation
  • A delicate domestic and foreign policy (issues of Kurds, Syria and Iraq, attempted coup)
  • Authoritarian tendency of government
  • Lacking productivity of agricultural sector and large shortfall in meat
  • Development delays in the eastern part of the country

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