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Ukraine was the center of the first eastern Slavic state, Kyivan Rus, which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kyivan Rus was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The cultural and religious legacy of Kyivan Rus laid the foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate, was established during the mid-17th century after an uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine achieved a short-lived period of independence (1917-20), but was reconquered and endured a brutal Soviet rule that engineered two forced famines (1921-22 and 1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II, German and Soviet armies were responsible for 7 to 8 million more deaths. Although Ukraine achieved independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, democracy and prosperity remained elusive as the legacy of state control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties.

Localização

Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east

Recursos Naturais

iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land

Distribuição da População

densest settlement in the eastern (Donbas) and western regions; notable concentrations in and around major urban areas of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donets'k, Dnipropetrovs'k, and Odesa

45415596
Ukrainian (official) 67.5%, Russian (regional language) 29.6%, other (includes small Crimean Tatar-, Moldavian-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities) 2.9% (2001 est.)
KYIV (capital) 2.942 million; Kharkiv 1.441 million; Odesa 1.01 million; Dnipropetrovsk 957,000; Donetsk 934,000; Zaporizhzhya 753,000 (2015)
Designação longa convencional
none
Abreviatura
Ukraine
Forma longa local
none
Forma curto local
Ukrayina
semi-presidential republic
Nome
Kiev
Coordenadas Geográficas
50 26 N, 30 31 E
Fuso horário
UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
Horário de verão
+1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
After Russia, the Ukrainian Republic was the most important economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing about four times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied unique equipment, such as, large diameter pipes and vertical drilling apparatus, and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the former USSR.
Inflação
13,895%
Acções de dívida externa
US$ 122.825.244.000
Taxa de imposto total (% dos lucros empresa)
51,9%
Taxa de juro real
1,788%
Produção, valor acrescentado (% PIB)
14,186%
Saldo Corrente
US$ -189.000.000
Força de trabalho, total
22.560.726
Emprego na Agricultura
15,26%
Emprego na Industria
24,69%
Emprego nos Serviços
60,05%
Taxa de Desemprego
8,87%
Importação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 51.783.157.804
Exportação de Produtos e Serviços
US$ 45.971.242.168
Total Comércio de Mercadorias
80,96%
IDE, entradas líquidas
US$ 3.050.000.000
Exportações de serviços comerciais
US$ 12.202.000.000
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
Mercadorias
ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, foodstuffs
Parceiros
Russia 12.7%, Turkey 7.3%, China 6.3%, Egypt 5.5%, Italy 5.2%, Poland 5.2% (2015)
Mercadorias
energy, machinery and equipment, chemicals
Parceiros
Russia 20%, Germany 10.4%, China 10.1%, Belarus 6.5%, Poland 6.2%, Hungary 4.2% (2015)
Índice de Risco do País
D
A high-risk political and economic situation and an often very difficult business environment can have a very significant impact on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default probability is very high.
Classificação de Clima de Negócios
D
The business environment is very difficult. Corporate financial information is rarely available and when available usually unreliable. The legal system makes debt collection very unpredictable. The institutional framework has very serious weaknesses. Intercompany transactions can thus be very difficult to manage in the highly risky environments rated D.
  • Strategic position between Russia and the European Union
  • Considerable agricultural potential
  • Skilled and inexpensive labor
  • International financial support
  • High degree of tension with Russia and inter-regional tensions threatening the integrity of the country
  • Extremely insecure political and social situation
  • Poor economic diversification
  • Excessive private sector borrowing and rapidly rising public indebtedness
  • Banking system seriously weakened by bad debt and lack of liquidity

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